Medical Assistant Lab Values Cheat Sheet
Memorize these standard adult reference ranges for blood and urine tests. Clinical Patient Care makes up about 56% of your scored questions, so knowing these baseline values helps you flag abnormal results quickly.
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Complete Blood Count (CBC)
White Blood Cells (WBC) — 4,500 to 11,000/mm3 / infection indicator Red Blood Cells (RBC) — 4.2 to 6.1 million/mm3 / oxygen transport Hemoglobin (Hgb) — 12 to 18 g/dL / varies by biological sex Hematocrit (Hct) — 37% to 52% / packed cell volume ratio Platelets — 150,000 to 400,000/mm3 / clotting function
Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) - Electrolytes
Sodium (Na) — 135 to 145 mEq/L / fluid balance and nerve function Potassium (K) — 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L / critical for cardiac rhythm Chloride (Cl) — 98 to 106 mEq/L / acid-base balance Calcium (Ca) — 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL / bone health and muscle contraction
Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) - Kidney & Sugar
Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) — 70 to 99 mg/dL / diabetes screening Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) — 7 to 20 mg/dL / renal function indicator Creatinine — 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL / kidney waste filtration
Lipid Panel (Cardiovascular)
Total Cholesterol — Less than 200 mg/dL / heart disease risk LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) — Less than 100 mg/dL / 'bad' cholesterol HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) — Greater than 40 mg/dL / 'good' cholesterol Triglycerides — Less than 150 mg/dL / fat storage in blood
Coagulation Studies
Prothrombin Time (PT) — 11 to 13.5 seconds / clotting speed International Normalized Ratio (INR) — 0.8 to 1.1 / standardized PT for healthy adults INR (Therapeutic) — 2.0 to 3.0 / target range for patients on blood thinners
Urinalysis (Normal Findings)
Specific Gravity — 1.005 to 1.030 / urine concentration and hydration status pH — 4.5 to 8.0 / average is around 6.0 Protein — Negative / presence indicates potential kidney damage Glucose — Negative / presence suggests uncontrolled diabetes Ketones — Negative / presence indicates fat breakdown or starvation Leukocyte Esterase — Negative / presence suggests urinary tract infection
Test Facts & Study Strategy
Time limit — 180 minutes / total time to complete the test Question count — 180 total questions / 150 are scored Passing score — 390 out of 500 / scaled score requirement Recertification — Lapse over one year / requires retaking the NHA test Practice volume — 2300+ practice questions / available in our test bank
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